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High Blood Pressure

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32 Blood Pressure Management Table 12. Lifestyle and Stress Reduction Interventions to Lower Blood Pressure Intervention Target/Biomarker Weight loss Body weight or BMI Heart-healthy diet DASH eating pattern Reduced intake of sodium Dietary sodium intake; 24-hour urinary sodium Use of salt substitute Replace cooking/table salt (100% sodium chloride) with salt substitute (25%–30% potassium chloride, 65%–75% sodium chloride, and 0%–10% flavoring agents); 24-hour urinary sodium and potassium Enhanced intake of potassium Dietary potassium intake; 24-hour urinary potassium Reduced alcohol intake Alcohol consumption Exercise Aerobic exercise Dynamic resistance Isometric resistance Meditation Transcendental meditation Breathing control Slowing respiration * Because inclusion/exclusion criteria and comparator groups vary across interventions, these values should not be compared directly to indicate comparative effectiveness. BMI indicates body mass index; and DASH, Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension.

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