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High Blood Pressure

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33 Evidence-Based Goals Approximate Mean Change in SBP (mm Hg)* With Hypertension Without Hypertension Aim for sustained ≥5% reduction in body weight or ≥3 kg/m 2 reduction in BMI; expect about 1 mm Hg reduction for every 1-kg reduction in body weight –6 to –8 –3 to –5 Consume a diet rich in fruits, vegetables, whole grains, and low-fat dairy products, with reduced content of saturated and total fat −5 to −8 −3 to −7 Optimal goal is <2,300 mg/day, but aim for an ideal limit of <1,500 mg/day −6 to −8 −1 to −4 Reduce dietary sodium intake as above −5 to −7 −5 Aim for 3,500–5,000 mg/day, ideally by consumption of a diet rich in potassium; or alternative use of moderate-dose pharmacological potassium supplementation (<80 mmol) −6 −3 to −6 Optimal goal is abstinence for all adults for best health outcomes; in patients who consume alcohol, aim for >50% reduction in daily intake to no more than 2 drinks/day in men or 1 drink/day in women −4 to −6 −3 90–150 minutes/week 65%–75% heart rate reserve −4 to −8 −2 to −7 90–150 minutes/week 50%–80% 1 rep maximum 6 exercises, 3 sets/exercise, 10 repetitions/set −2 to −7 −2 to −5 4 × 2 minutes (hand grip), 1 minute rest between exercises, 30%–40% maximum voluntary contraction, 3 sessions/week −5 to −10 −4 to −6 Training by a professional, followed by 2 × 20 minute sessions/day while seated comfortably with eyes closed −5 to −7 −5 Device-guided session to decrease respiration to <10 breaths/minute for 15 minutes/day −5 −5 Modified with permission from Whelton et al. Copyright © 2018 American College of Cardiolog y Foundation and American Heart Association, Inc.

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