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Nutrition
Protein
➤ Dietary protein serves a structural function in the body, with a
DRI ranging from 0.8 to 2.0 grams per kilogram of body weight
per day, contingent upon factors such as age, gender, physical
activity, and overall health.
• Protein provides 4 kilocalories per gram
• The nine essential amino acids are histidine, isoleucine, leucine,
lysine, methionine, phenylalanine, threonine, tryptophan, and valine
• Complete proteins are def ined as those that contain all nine
essential amino acids, predominantly found in animal-based
protein sources.
• Animal sources: red meat, chicken, f ish, seafood, eggs, and dairy
• Vegetable sources: quinoa, amaranth, chia seeds, and soy
Carbohydrates
➤ Carbohydrates function as a source of energy and contribute to
cellular structural components, including hyaluronic acid and
proteoglycans.
• Carbohydrates, which encompass sugars, starches, polyols, and
f iber, provide 4 kcal per gram for both starches and sugars, and
less for polyols and f iber.
• Carbohydrates are classif ied as nonessential macronutrients, as
glucose can be synthesized by the liver, kidneys, and potentially
the small intestine through the process of gluconeogenesis.
However, genetic defects that impact glucose metabolism
or storage, such as glycogen storage disease, may render
carbohydrates conditionally essential.
• The suggested dietary f iber intake for adults is a minimum of 25
grams per day for women and 30 grams per day for men.
