48
General Supportive Early Management
4.10. Volume Expansion/Hemodilution, Vasodilators, and
Hemodynamic Augmentation
COR LOE
Recommendations
3: No
benefit
A
1. In patients with AIS, hemodynamic augmentation using
hemodilution, high-dose albumin, or chemical vasodilators
such as pentoxifylline is not recommended to improve
functional clinical outcomes.
3: No
benefit
B-R
2. In patients with AIS, mechanical hemodynamic augmentation
with counterpulsation devices or sphenopalatine ganglion
stimulation is not recommended to improve functional
clinical outcomes.
4.11. Neuroprotective Agents
COR LOE
Recommendation
3: No
benefit
A
1. At present, in patients with AIS, the use of pharmacological
or nonpharmacological neuroprotective treatments is not
recommended to improve functional outcome.
4.12. Emergency Carotid Endarterectomy, Carotid
Angioplasty, and Stenting Without Intracranial Clot
COR LOE
Recommendation
3: No
benefit
B-NR
1. In patients with AIS or unstable neurological status (eg,
stroke in evolution) caused by a high-grade carotid stenosis
or occlusion without intracranial occlusion, emergent
carotid endarterectomy (within 48 hours) is not beneficial to
improve functional outcomes
