15
One hundred forty-six 7- to
11-y-olds drinking sugar-free
or sugar-sweetened beverages
ere was no difference in the
level of satiety experienced; the
conclusion is that the child will not
compensate for all calories missing
from nonsweetened drinks, which
may partly explain a lower degree of
weight gain with nonsweetened drink
ingestion
+
Higher level of activity
a
Meta-analysis of 11 RCTs
of activity ranging in length
from 20 min to >1 h/d and
ranging in frequency from
twice a week to every day of
the school week
ere was little effect on BMI, but
there were decreases in triglycerides
and systolic and diastolic blood
pressure when the intervention
lasted at least 6 mo; total cholesterol,
however, did increase during some
studies
–
Nine randomized controlled
pediatric studies (n = 367)
included in a meta-analysis
At least 3 mo of exercise in 3 sessions
per week of 60 min each led to
decreased fasting glucose and insulin
and body fat
–
Meta-analysis of 24 studies
of fasting insulin levels
and 12 studies on insulin
resistance in pediatric
normal weight overweight
and obese
ere was a small but positive effect
in improving fasting insulin resistance
in children, with the greatest effect
occurring in those with the highest
BMI standard deviation values
–
Systematic review of 16
studies of school-based
jumping exercises
ere was small positive effect of
bone-targeted exercise on fat mass
(SMD, -0.248; 95% CI, -0.406 to
-0.089) and lean mass (SMD, 0.159;
95% CI, -0.076 to 0.394), but there
are few studies
–
Meta-analysis of 40 studies
on the effect of resistance
training in pediatric
overweight or obese
Resistance training in children and
adolescents who are overweight
and obese appears to generally have
very small to small effects on body
composition and moderate to large
effects on strength
–
Table 4. Factors Associated With Prevention of Pediatric
Obesity (cont'd)
Study Format Relationship
Relationship to
the Development
of Obesity
or Metabolic
Improvement
