Treatment
14
Table 4. Factors Associated With Prevention of Pediatric
Obesity
Study Format Relationship
Relationship to
the Development
of Obesity
or Metabolic
Improvement
Increased sugar sweetened beverages intake
2- to 5-y-old children
from various periods of
the National Health and
Nutrition Examination
Surveys
ere was a decrease of 57 calories/d
intake of sugar-sweetened beverages
between 2003–2004 and 2009–2010
with no appreciable change in sugar
intake thereaer up to 2011–2012
Probable +
Cross-sectional analysis of
4880 children between 3
and 11 y from the National
Health and Nutrition
Examination Survey between
1999 and 2004
Sugar-sweetened beverage intake
was independently associated with
decreased HDL, increased C-reactive
protein, and increased waist
circumference
+
Longitudinal study of
9600 children in the Early
Childhood Longitudinal
Survey–Birth Cohort
ere was a 1.4 odds ratio for being
obese if a 5-y-old child drinks 4 or 5
sugar-sweetened beverages per day but
no such risk for 2-y-old; however there
was a significant influence on drinking
sugar-sweetened beverages at 2 y of
age and an increase in BMI z score
during the next 2 y
+
Randomized controlled
study of 224 teenagers that
reduced sugar-sweetened
beverage intake
ere was a decrease in the change
in BMI and weight at 1 y but no
difference at 2 y
+
Eighteen-month study of
642 primarily normal-weight
Dutch children aged 4 y 10
mo to 11 y 11 mo who were
divided into groups receiving
8 ounces of sugar-free drink
or 105 kcal containing sugar-
sweetened drinks
ere was an increased weight gain
and increase in BMI in the sugar-
sweetened group
+
