Treatment
16
Systematic review of 2
aggregate data meta-analyses
representing 14 and 17
studies in 481 and 701 boys
and girls, respectively
Exercise decreased the percentage
of body fat but does not necessarily
have an effect on BMI; therefore,
replacing fat tissue with muscle
may not necessarily be reflected
by characteristic clinic-based
anthropomorphic data
–
Randomized controlled
pediatric study of >200
subjects who experienced
20 or 40 min of fun but
nonetheless aerobic activity
5 d/wk during 13 wk
ere was a dose response decrease
in insulin resistance measured by
the area under the curve of an oral
glucose tolerance test, decreased total
body fat and visceral fat, and a similar
improvement in fitness measured by
peak VO
2
; the conclusion is that there
is benefit for a child who is obese if the
child will actually engage in at least
20 min of aerobic exercise 5 d/wk,
(and we expect this may extend to the
prevention of obesity)
–
Decreased sleep duration or variation
A systematic review and
unbiased meta-analysis of
11 longitudinal studies
of 24,821 children and
adolescents
ere was a twofold increase in risk
for obesity with "short" sleep duration
according to sleep standards
+
Sleep duration in a cross-
sectional pediatric study
(n = 676)
Energ y density of the diet, added
sugar, and SSBs decreased with
increased sleep
+
Variability in sleep duration
of 10 min per night
is was positively associated with
energ y density (p = 0.04), sugar-
sweetened beverages intake (p = 0.03),
and Children's Sleep Habits
Questionnaire score independent of
sleep duration
+
One hour decrease in
pediatric sleep duration
(n = 441) during 200 d
ere was a higher intake of added
sugar (p = 0.001) and sugar-sweetened
beverages (p = 0.002) with no change
in energ y density of the diet (p = 0.78)
+
Table 4. Factors Associated With Prevention of Pediatric
Obesity (cont'd)
Study Format Relationship
Relationship to
the Development
of Obesity
or Metabolic
Improvement
