3
Table 2. Prevalence of Major Ocular Diseases and Conditions
that May Be Asymptomatic (cont'd)
Disease or
Condition Prevalence
Risk Factors
for Disease
or Disease
Progression
Potentially
Positive Findings
on Examinations
Early AMD • White Americans
age ≥45: 4.8%
• Individuals of
African descent
age ≥45: 2.1%
• Individuals of
Hispanic descent
age ≥45: 4.0%
• Individuals of
Hispanic descent
age ≥40: 7.5%
• Individuals of
Asian descent age
40–79: 6.8%
Increasing age,
bilateral so drusen,
large drusen,
confluent drusen,
clumping or atrophy
of retinal pigment
epithelium, family
history, genetic
polymorphisms,
smoking, poor diet/
nutrition
Subretinal
hemorrhage,
intermediate or large
drusen associated
with hypopigmented
or hyperpigmented
changes, geographic
atrophy, or retinal
pigmented epithelial
detachments
Late AMD • White Americans
age ≥45: 0.6%
• Individuals of
African descent
age ≥45: 0.3%
• Individuals of
Hispanic descent
age ≥45: 0.2%
• Individuals of
Hispanic descent
age ≥40: 0.2%
• Individuals of
Asian descent age
40–79: 0.56%
Increasing age,
family history,
smoking, bilateral
so drusen, large
drusen, confluent
drusen, clumping or
atrophy of retinal
pigment epithelium,
body mass index and
genetic factors
Drusen and
associated retinal
pigment epithelial
changes, geographic
atrophy or
hemorrhage, lipid or
subretinal fluid
AMD, age-related macular degeneration; IOP, intraocular pressure
