Disclaimer
is Guideline attempts to define principles of practice that should produce high-quality patient
care. It is applicable to specialists, primary care practitioners, and providers at all levels. is
Guideline should not be considered exclusive of other methods of care reasonably directed at
obtaining the same results. e ultimate judgment concerning the propriety of any course of
conduct must be made by the clinician aer consideration of each individual patient situation.
Neither IGC, the medical associations, nor the authors endorse any product or service associated
with the distributor of this clinical reference tool.
Abbreviations
2D, 2-dimensional; ACE, angiotensin-converting enzyme; AF, atrial fibrillation;
AR, aortic regurgitation; AS, aortic stenosis; AVR, aortic valve replacement; CABG,
coronary artery bypass gra; CAD, coronary artery disease; CKD, chronic kidney
disease; CMR, cardiac magnetic resonance; CNS, central nervous system; COR,
Class of Recommendation; CRT, cardiac resynchronization therapy; CT, computed
tomography; DLCO
2
, diffusion capacity for carbon dioxide; ECG, electrocardiogram;
ERO, effective regurgitant orifice; FEV1, forced expiratory volume in 1 second; GI,
gastrointestinal; GDMT, guideline-directed medical therapy; HF, heart failure; IE,
infective endocarditis; INR, international normalized ratio; IV, intravenous; LA, le
atrium; LOE, Level of Evidence; LV, le ventricular; LVEF, le ventricular ejection
fraction; LVESD, le ventricular end-systolic dimension; MI, myocardial infarction; MR,
mitral regurgitation; MS, mitral stenosis; MV, mitral valve; MVA, mitral valve area; MVR,
mitral valve replacement; NYHA, New York Heart Association; PA, pulmonary artery;
PASP, pulmonary artery systolic pressure; PHTN, pulmonary hypertension; PROM,
predicted risk of mortality; RF, regurgitant fraction; RVol, regurgitant volume; RV,
right ventricular; Rx, therapy; STS, Society of oracic Surgeons; TEE, transesophageal
echocardiography; TTE, transthoracic echocardiography/echocardiogram; VHD,
valvular heart disease; VKA, vitamin K antagonist; V
max
, maximal velocity
Source
Nishimura RA, Otto CM, Bonow RO, Carabello BA, Erwin JP III, Guyton RA, O'Gara
PT, Ruiz CE, Skubas NJ, Sorajja P, Sundt TM III, omas JD. 2014 AHA/ACC guideline
for the management of patients with valvular heart disease: a report of the American
College of Cardiolog y/American Heart Association Task Force on Practice Guidelines.
J Am Coll Cardiol 2014;63:e57-185. Copublished in Circulation 2014;129:e521-e643.
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