Elimination
▶ Metabolized by alcohol dehydrogenase and glucuronyl transferase
▶ Renal excretion of metabolites 82%
▶ Dosage adjustment for ABC is recommended in patients with hepatic insufficiency
Serum/Intracellular Half-lives
1.5 hrs/12-26 hrs
Adverse Events
▶ Hypersensitivity reaction symptoms may include fever, rash, nausea, vomiting, malaise or fatigue, or respiratory symptoms such as sore throat, cough, or shortness of breath
▶ Some cohort studies suggest increased risk of MI with recent or current use of ABC, but this is not substantiated in other studies
▶ Renal excretion 50% ▶ Dosage adjustment in renal insufficiency recommended
1.5 hrs/> 20 hrs
▶ Pancreatitis ▶ Peripheral neuropathy ▶ Lactic acidosis with hepatic steatosis (rare but potentially life-threatening toxicity)
▶ Potential association with noncirrhotic portal hypertension, some cases presented with esophageal varices
▶ One cohort study suggested increased risk of MI with recent or current use of ddI, but this risk is not substantiated in other studies
▶ Renal excretion 86% ▶ Dosage adjustment in renal insufficiency recommended
10 hrs/> 20 hrs
▶ Minimal toxicity ▶ Hyperpigmentation/skin discoloration
▶ Severe acute exacerbation of hepatitis may occur in HBV- coinfected patients who discontinue FTC
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