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Description of Conditions
Effects of Adiposopathy on CKM and Other Systems
System Key Concepts
Metabolic/endocrine
• Insulin resistance
• Diabetes mellitus type 2
• Metabolic syndrome
• Hypothyroidism
• Gestational diabetes
• Dysfunctional adipocytes drive
inflammation, endocrine dysregulation,
and disrupt neurohormonal regulation.
• Insulin resistance impairs glucose
metabolism and is a key component of
T2DM.
• Immune dysregulation plays key role in
autoimmune hypothyroidism.
Cardiovascular
• CAD
• CVA
• CHF
• Dyslipidemia
• Hypertension
• Atrial fibrillation
• HFpEF
• HFrEF
• Blood volume and cardiac output are
increased, leading to chronic volume
overload in CHF.
• RAAS leads to sodium retention, volume
overload, and cardiac remodeling.
• SNS activity can increase blood vessel
tone.
• In atrial fibrillation, epicardial and
paracardial fat secrete inflammatory and
profibrotic factors.
Gastrointestinal
• MASLD
• Gastroesophageal
reflux disease (GERD)
• Cholelithiasis
• Irritable bowel
syndrome (IBS)
• Hernias
• Chronic low-grade inflammation and
insulin resistance contributes to MASLD
and IBS, sensitizing enteric nerves to
exacerbate pain.
• Increased intraabdominal pressure can
lead to GERD and abdominal hernias.
• Chronic low-grade inflammation and
tissue fibrosis can modify tissue response
to increased biomechanical forces.
