47
Table 16. Physiological and Secondary Causes of
Hypercholesterolemia Due to LDL-C
Dietary factors
• High saturated fat intake
• High trans-fat intake
• High cholesterol intake
• Weight gain
• Rapid weight loss
• Ketosis
Metabolic factors
• Hypothyroidism
• Obstructive liver disease
• Chronic kidney disease
• Nephrotic syndrome
• Diabetes and other insulin-resistant states (excess small LDL particles)
• Uncontrolled hyperglycemia
• Cushing syndrome
• Anorexia nervosa
• Obesity
Drugs
• High-dose thiazide diuretics
• Glucocorticoids
• Estrogens
• Androgens
• Atypical antipsychotic drugs
• Cyclosporine
Physiological
• Menopausal transition
• Pregnancy
LDL indicates low-density lipoprotein.
Modified with permission from Virani et al. Copyright © 2021 American College of
Cardiolog y Foundation.
