13
Table 8. Reach, Effectiveness, Adoption, Implementation,
Maintenance (RE-AIM)
• Developed to address the failures and delays in translating scientific evidence into
policy and practice
1,2
• Involves evaluating dimensions at individual and ecological levels to understand the
effectiveness of programs as they are implemented in real-world settings
3,4
• Useful for planning an intervention, the outcomes that will be measured, and
evaluating whether the intervention has met its goals
5,11
• Recently framework has been applied pragmatically to help to determine which
dimensions an organization should prioritize
6
5 dimensions of planning and evaluation (all 5 dimensions are not always addressed):
1. Reach:
a. Who is expected to benefit?
b. What percentage of those are actually exposed to the intervention?
c. Who are the partner(s)?
2. Effectiveness: What is the impact of the intervention on the proposed outcome?
3. Adoption:
a. What settings applied the practice?
b. Who applied it?
4. Implementation:
a. How was the practice applied?
b. How consistently was it applied in the way it was intended?
5. Maintenance: Is the practice maintained over time?
Settings that have applied RE-AIM:
• Healthcare
3
• Public health
• Community programs
• Sexual health
Evaluation using RE-AIM:
• Antimicrobial stewardship in the ICU
7
• Clinical practice guidelines for STIs
8
• Promotion of vaccination
9
• Implementation of contact tracing
2,4,10
1. Nhim, K, Gruss, SM, Porterfield, DS, et al. Using a RE-AIM framework to identify promising
practices in National Diabetes Prevention Program implementation. Implement Sci 2019;14:81.
2. Glasgow, RE, Estabrooks, PE. Pragmatic applications of RE-AIM for healthcare initiatives in
community and clinical settings. Prev Chronic Dis 2018;15:E02.
3. Trivedi, K, Lewis, C, Deloney, V. SHEA/CDC Outbreak Response Training Program (ORTP)
tool kits: dissemination and implementation frameworks. https://ortp.guidelinecentral.com/wp-
content/uploads/sites/10/2018/03/DisseminationAndImplementationFrameworks.pdf
4. Glasgow, RE, Vogt, TM, Boles, SM. Evaluating the public health impact of health promotion
interventions: the RE-AIM framework. Am J Public Health 1999;89:1322–1327.
5. Smith, ML, Harden, SM. Full comprehension of theories, models, and frameworks improves
application: a focus on RE-AIM. Front Public Health 2021;9:599975.
6. Holtrop, JA-O, Estabrooks, PA, Gaglio, B, et al. Understanding and applying the RE-AIM
framework: clarifications and resources. J Clin Transl Sci 2021;5:e126.
7. Nkosi, BE, Sibanda, S. Evaluating an antimicrobial stewardship programme implemented in
an intensive care unit of a large academic hospital, using the RE-AIM framework. S Afr Med J
2021;111:777–782.
