21
Table
13.
Best
Proven
Nonpharmacological
Interventions
for
Prevention
and
Treatment
of
Hypertension
a
Nonpharmacological Intervention
Dose
Approximate
Impact
on
SBP
Hypertension
Normotension
Weight
loss
Weight/body
fat
Best
goal
is
ideal
body
weight,
but
aim
for
≥1-kg
reduction
in
body
weight
for
most
adults
who
are
overweight.
Expect
about
1
mm
Hg
for
every
1-kg
reduction
in
body
weight.
-5
mm
Hg
-2/3
mm
Hg
Healthy
diet
DASH
dietary
pattern
Consume
a
diet
rich
in
fruits,
vegetables,
whole
grains,
and
low-fat
dairy
products,
with
reduced
content
of
saturated
and
total
fat.
-11
mm
Hg
-3
mm
Hg
Reduced
intake
of
dietary
sodium
Dietary
sodium
Optimal
goal
is
<1500
mg/d,
but
aim
for
≥1000-mg/d
reduction
in
most
adults.
-5/6
mm
Hg
-2/3
mm
Hg
Enhanced
intake
of
dietary
potassium
Dietary
potassium
Aim
for
3500–5000
mg/d,
preferably
by
consumption
of
a
diet
rich
in
potassium.
-4/5
mm
Hg
-2
mm
Hg
Physical
activity
Aerobic
90–150
min/wk;
65%–75%
heart
rate
reserve
-5/8
mm
Hg
-2/4
mm
Hg
Dynamic
resistance
90–150
min/wk;
50%–80%
1
rep
maximum;
6
exercises,
3
sets/
exercise,
10
repetitions/set
-4
mm
Hg
-2
mm
Hg
Isometric
resistance
4
×
2
min
(hand
grip),
1
min
rest
between
exercises,
30%–40%
maximum
voluntary
contraction,
3
sessions/wk;
8–10
wk
-5
mm
Hg
-4
mm
Hg
Moderation
in
alcohol
intake
Alcohol
consumption
In
individuals
who
drink
alcohol,
reduce
alcohol
b
to:
Men:
≤2
drinks
daily;
Women:
≤1
drink
daily
-4
mm
Hg
-3
mm
Hg
a
Type,
dose,
and
expected
impact
on
BP
in
adults
with
a
normal
BP
and
with
hypertension.
b
In
the
United
States,
one
"standard"
drink
contains
roughly
14
g
of
pure
alcohol,
which
is
typically
found
in
12
oz
of
regular
beer
(usually
about
5%
alcohol),
5
oz
of
wine
(usually
about
12%
alcohol),
and
1.5
oz
of
distilled
spirits
(usually
about
40%
alcohol).
