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Table 21. Safety of Cardiovascular Medications During
Pregnancy and Lactation
Medication Safety in Pregnancy Safety in Lactation
Arrhythmias
Adenosine S LD
Metoprolol/propranolol S LD
Digoxin S S
Lidocaine S S
Verapamil LD LD
Diltiazem LD U
Procainamide LD LD
Sotalol LD U
Flecainide LD LD
Propafenone LD LD
Amiodarone* C C
Heart Failure
Metoprolol S LD
Carvedilol S U
Furosemide S LD
Bumetanide S U
Dopamine S U
Dobutamine S U
Norepinephrine S U
Hydralazine LD S
Nitroglycerine LD U
Isosorbide dinitrate LD U
Torsemide LD U
Metolazone LD U
Color key: C, contraindicated; LD, limited data, use with caution; S, considered safe; and U,
conflicting data, unknown.
