2
Key Points
➤ In this pocket guide, the guideline committee provides new
recommendations for treatment of multiple drug-resistant
tuberculosis (MDR-TB) and for treatment of isoniazid-resistant-TB.
• MDR-TB is defined specifically as resistance to at least isoniazid and rifampin,
the two most important first-line drugs.
➤ The guideline is intended for settings in which treatment is
individualized and where mycobacterial cultures, molecular
(genotypic) and culture-based (phenotypic) drug susceptibility tests
(DSTs), and radiographic facilities are available.
➤ Treatment success was most likely with regimens for MDR-TB
containing 5 effective drugs in the intensive phase. Mortality was also
significantly reduced for those taking 5 or 6 effective drugs.
Definitions
MDR-TB Resistance to at least isoniazid and
rifampin
pre-XDR-TB A subset of MDR-TB with additional
resistance to one but not both
fluoroquinolone and a second-line
injectable agent
Extensively drug-resistant tuberculosis
(XDR-TB)
A subset of MDR-TB with additional
resistance to both a fluoroquinolone and a
second-line injectable agent
