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Chronic Disease of Obesity - Obesity Algorithm 2024

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12 Evaluation TOP 10 TAKEAWAY MESSAGES: Obesity and Energy Expenditure 1. For most individuals, RMR represents ~70% of total daily energy expenditure. 2. For most individuals without excess body fat, skeletal muscle, liver, brain, heart, and digestive system each account for ~10–20% of RMR (~75% of total RMR). Kidney, adipose tissue, and remaining/residual = ~25%. 3. Non-exercise activity thermogenesis (NEAT) varies among individuals, can range between 150–500 kcal/day (often greater than bouts of physical exercise), and can help account for the perception that some individuals more easily maintain a healthy body weight despite similar caloric intake and dedicated physical exercise. 4. Direct calorimetry estimates energy expenditure via measurement of heat generated by an organism in an enclosed chamber. 5. Indirect calorimetry estimates energy expenditure by measuring carbon dioxide production and oxygen consumption using a metabolic cart or a portable device. 6. Resting energy expenditure can be estimated by calculations (Harris-Benedict and Mifflin St. Jeor Equations). 7. Doubly labeled water (used primarily in research settings) estimates energy expenditure via oral administration of traceable hydrogen and oxygen isotope, and the estimation of carbon dioxide production, reflecting energy expenditure due to tissue respiration. 8. Physical activity expenditure can be estimated by wearable technologies, such as pedometers and accelerometers. 9. Energy expenditure may increase with inefficiencies in physiologic and behavior processes. 10. In addition to physical exercise, increased energy expenditure can be achieved via increased leisure time physical activity and NEAT.

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