Key Points
➤ ➤ Prostate cancer remains the most commonly diagnosed malignancy and the
second leading cause of cancer death among men in the United States.
➤ ➤ Early detection combined with an indolent disease course likely account for
the high 5-year survival, approaching 100% for newly diagnosed localized
(stage I and II) or regional (stage III) disease.
➤ ➤ However, approximately one-third of early stage patients will develop
recurrence, often with metastatic (stage IV) disease. For patients with
metastatic disease, 5-year survival rates decrease to 28%.
➤ ➤ Androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) is the mainstay of initial therapy for
metastatic disease, but resistance eventually develops in nearly all men.
➤ ➤ In the past 6 years, a number of therapies have been approved for metastatic
castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC), including androgen signaling
inhibitors (enzalutamide, abiraterone acetate), cytotoxic chemotherapy
(cabazitaxel), a radiopharmaceutical (radium-223), and immunotherapy
(sipuleucel-T, the first and currently only immunotherapeutic agent approved
for mCRPC).
