Levels of Evidence According to Study Design Grade
Definition I
II-1 II-2
II-3 III
Randomized controlled trials
Controlled trials without randomization Cohort or case control analytic studies
Multiple time series Dramatic uncontrolled experiments
Opinion of respected experts Descriptive epidemiology
Abbreviations AFP, alpha fetoprotein; ALF, acute liver failure; Bx, biopsy; CPP, cerebral perfusion pressure; CT, computerized tomography; CVVHD, continuous venovenous hemodialysis; DILI, Drug Induced Liver Injury; Dx, diagnosis; FFP, fresh frozen plasma; GI, gastrointestinal; gm/day, grams per day; gm/kg, grams per kilogram; H2
HBV, hepatitis b virus; HELLP, Hemolysis, Elevated Liver Enzymes, Low Platelets syndrome; ICH, intracranial hypertension; ICP, intracranial pressure; ICU, intensive care unit; INR, international normalized ratio; IU/L, international units per liter; MAP, mean arterial pressure; MELD, Model for End-stage Liver Disease; mg/dL, milligrams per deciliter; mg/kg, milligrams per kilogram; NA, nucleoside/nucleotide analogue; NAC, N-acetylcysteine; OLT, orthotopic liver transplantation; OTC, over the counter; PPI, proton pump inhibitors; rFVIIa, recombinant activated factor VII; Rx, treatment; SIRS, systemic inflammatory response syndrome; SQ, subcutaneous; US ALFSG, United States Acute Liver Failure Study Group
, histamine-2;
Source Lee WM, Larson AM, Stravitz RT. AASLD position paper: the management of
acute liver failure: update 2011. Hepatol. 2011; available at: http://www.aasld.org/ practiceguidelines/Documents/AcuteLiverFailureUpdate2011.pdf
Disclaimer
This Guideline attempts to define principles of practice that should produce high-quality patient care. It is applicable to specialists, primary care, and providers at all levels. This Guideline should not be considered exclusive of other methods of care reasonably directed at obtaining the same results. The ultimate judgment concerning the propriety of any course of conduct must be made by the clinician aſter consideration of each individual patient situation. Neither IGC, the medical associations, nor the authors endorse any product or service associated with the distributor of this clinical reference tool.
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