Key Points
Key Points
ÎGastroparesis is a syndrome characterized by delayed gastric emptying without mechanical obstruction.
ÎThe main symptoms include early satiety, postprandial fullness, nausea, vomiting, and bloating.
ÎThe etiology of gastroparesis is multifactorial; the main categories being diabetic, idiopathic, and postgastric surgery disorders.
ÎGastroparesis is relatively common, affecting up to 2 million individuals in the United States.
ÎThe female:male ratio is 4:1, and the mean age of onset is 34 years.
ÎSymptoms attributable to gastroparesis are reported by 5 to 12% of patients with diabetes in the community.
• Classically, gastroparesis is more common in Type 1 diabetics than Type 2 diabetics. • Studies suggest that for diabetic patients referred to academic medical centers, 20 to 30% of patients report symptoms attributable to gastroparesis.
Table 1. Etiology of Gastroparesis Idiopathic Diabetes Mellitus Postsurgical
• Partial gastric resection/vagotomy • Postbariatic surgery
• Diffuse GI motor disorders (eg. Chronic intestinal pseudo-obstruction
• GERD • Achalasia • Gastric ulcer
• Eating disorders: anorexia • Neurologic disorders ▶ CNS tumors ▶ Parkinson's disease
• Nissen fundoplication • Transplantation: lung, heart-lung
GI disorders associated with delayed gastric emptying
• Atrophic gastritis • Functional dyspepsia (FD) • Hypertrophic pyloric stenosis • Celiac disease
Non-GI disorders associated with delayed gastric emptying
• Endocrine and metabolic disorders ▶ Thyroid dysfunction ▶ Parathyroid dysfunction ▶ Chronic renal insufficiency
• Collagen vascular disorders ▶ Scleroderma ▶ Systemic lupus erythematosus ▶ Amyloidosis
• Gastric infection • Chronic mesenteric ischemia • Tumor associated (paraneoplastic) • Medication associated
