Rating Levels of Evidence Used for this Guideline: I
II
Strong evidence from at least one published systematic review of multiple well- designed randomized controlled trials
Strong evidence from at least one published properly designed randomized controlled trial of appropriate size and in an appropriate clinical setting
III Evidence from published well-designed trials without randomization, single group prepost, cohort, time series or matched case-controlled studies
IV
Evidence from well-designed nonexperimental studies from more than one center or research group or opinion of respected authorities, based on clinical evidence, descriptive studies, or reports of expert consensus committees
Abbreviations
AGA, American Gastroenterological Association; bid, twice daily; EE, erosive esophagitis; GERD, gastroesophageal reflux disease; h, hour(s); H2RA, histamine2-receptor blockers; IM, intramuscular; IV, intravenous; mg, milligram; mL, milliliter; ODT, oral dissolving tablet; OTC, over-the-counter;
LA-A&B, Los Angeles Classification grades A & B (none, mild); NERD, nonerosive reflux disease; PO, oral; PPI, proton pump inhibitors; qid, four times daily; R/O, rule out; TLESR, Transient Lower Esophageal Sphincter Relaxation
Source DeVault KD, Castell DO. Updated guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of gastroesophageal reflux disease. Am J Gastroenterol. 2005;100:190–200.
Disclaimer This Guideline attempts to define principles of practice that should produce high-quality patient care. It focuses on the needs of primary care practice, but also is applicable to providers at all levels. This Guideline should not be considered exclusive of other methods of care reasonably directed at obtaining the same results. The ultimate judgment concerning the propriety of any course of conduct must be made by the clinician aſter consideration of each individual patient situation.
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