Alcohol
ÎIf adults with diabetes choose to drink alcohol, they should be advised to
do so in moderation (≤1 drink per day for adult women and ≤2 drinks per
day or less for adult men). (E)
ÎAlcohol consumption may place people with diabetes at increased risk for
delayed hypoglycemia, especially if taking insulin or insulin secretagogues.
Education and awareness regarding the recognition and management of
delayed hypoglycemia is warranted. (C)
Sodium
Î The recommendation for the general population to reduce sodium to
<2,300 mg/day is also appropriate for people with diabetes. (B)
Î For individuals with both diabetes and hypertension, further reduction
in sodium intake should be individualized. (B)
Physical Activity
Î Advise people with diabetes to perform at least 150 min/week of
moderate-intensity aerobic physical activity (50%-70% of maximum
heart rate) spread over at least 3 days per week with no more than 2
consecutive days without exercise. (A)
Î In the absence of contraindications, encourage people with type 2
diabetes to perform resistance training at least twice per week. (A)
Psychosocial Assessment and Care
Î It is reasonable to include assessment of the patient's psychological
and social situation as an ongoing part of the medical management of
diabetes. (B)
Î Psychosocial screening and follow-up may include, but are not limited
to, attitudes about the illness, expectations for medical management
and outcomes, affect/ mood, general and diabetes-related quality
of life, resources (financial, social, and emotional), and psychiatric
history. (E)
Î Routinely screen for psychosocial problems such as depression and
diabetes-related distress, anxiety, eating disorders, and cognitive
impairment. (B)
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