Table 2. Treatment Goals for Apo B-Containing Lipoproteins Therapeutic Target and Goals of Therapy for Apo B-Containing Lipoproteins
LDL-C goals > High-risk patientsa
: < 100 mg/dL (2.6 mmol/L) (for very-high-risk patientsb
category, optional goal is < 70 mg/dL) > Moderately high-risk patientsc
Non-HDL-C goals > High-risk patientsa
category, optional goal is < 100 mg/dL [2.6 mmol/L]) > Moderate-risk patientsd
: < 130 mg/dL (3.4 mmol/L) : < 130 mg/dL (3.4 mmol/L)
(optional: < 100 mg/dL for very high risk patientsb > Moderately high-risk patientsc
therapeutic option: < 130 mg/dL [3.4 mmol/L]) > Moderate-risk patientsd
a b ) : < 160 mg/dL (4.1 mmol/L); : < 160 mg/dL (4.1 mmol/L)
High-risk patients are those with established atherosclerotic CVD, diabetes, or 10-yr risk for CHD higher than 20%. For cerebrovascular disease, high-risk condition includes transient ischemic attack or stroke of carotid origin or more than 50% carotid stenosis.
Very-high-risk patients are those who are likely to have major CVD events in the next few years, and diagnosis depends on clinical assessment. Factors that may confer very high risk include recent acute coronary syndromes and established CHD along with any of the following: multiple major risk factors (especially diabetes), severe and poorly controlled risk factors (especially continued cigarette smoking), and metabolic syndrome.
c
Moderately high-risk patients are those with 10-yr risk for CHD 10-20%. Factors that favor the therapeutic option of non-HDL-C less than 100 mg/dL are those that can raise persons to the upper range of moderately high risk: multiple major risk factors, severe and poorly controlled risk factors (especially continued cigarette smoking), metabolic syndrome, and documented advanced subclinical atherosclerotic disease (eg, coronary calcium or carotid intimal-medial thickness > 75th percentile for age and sex).
d Moderate-risk patients are those with at least two major risk factors and 10-yr risk < 10%. in this : < 130 mg/dL (3.4 mmol/L)(for higher-risk patients in this
Table 3. Projected Reductions in Blood Pressure Accompanying Lifestyle Therapies
Lifestyle Therapy Weight reduction
Moderate exercise Specific Recommendation
Weight reduction of 7-10% of body weight
Moderate exercise (30 min/d)
Reduce dietary sodium < 2 g/d (100 mmol/d) Other nutrient change
Moderation of alcohol intake Total
Estimations of efficacy of lifestyle modification taken from the JNC7.
Increased fruits and vegetables (eg, DASH diet) 5 servings per day
Projected Reduction in Systolic Blood Pressure (mm Hg)
5-20
4-9 2-8
8-14 2-4 Total BP lowering > 10 mm Hg
