Table 1. Antibiotics for Acute Uncomplicated Cystitis Drug and Dose
Estimated Clinical Efficacya,b,e
Nitrofurantoin monohydrate/macrocrystals 100 mg bid for 5-7 days
Trimethoprim- sulfamethoxazole 160/800 mg (TMP-SMX DS) bid for 3 days
Fosfomycin tromethamine (Monurol®
) 3 g single-dose sachet
Fluoroquinolones (dose varies by agent) 3-day regimenc, e
β-lactams (dose varies by agent) 3-5 day regimend, e
90% (85%-98%) 91% (81%-98%) Nausea/vomiting, diarrhea, headache, drowsiness, insomnia
89% (79%-98%) 82% (74%-98%) Diarrhea, nausea, vomiting, rash, urticaria
a Efficacy rates refer to cure rates on the visit closest to a 5-9 day period aſter treatment and are averages or ranges calculated from clinical trials discussed in the text.
b Estimated clinical efficacy and microbiological efficacy rates should not necessarily be compared across agents since study design, efficacy definition, therapy duration, and other factors are heterogeneous. Studies represent clinical trials published since publication of the 1999 Infectious Diseases Society of America guidelines so as to represent efficacy rates that account for contemporary prevalence of antibiotic-resistant uropathogens. Note that efficacy rates may vary geographically depending on local patterns of antimicrobial resistance among uropathogens.
c Fluoroquinolones data are compiled from regimens of ofloxacin, norfloxacin, and ciprofloxacin from the referenced clinical trials and not other fluoroquinolones that are no longer commercially available.
d β-Lactams data cited are derived from clinical trials examining second- and third-generation cephalosporins and amoxicillin/clavulanate.
e See full text guidelines for details. http://cid.oxfordjournals.org/content/52/5/e103.full.pdf+html
Estimated Microbiological Efficacyb,e
Common Side Effects 93% (84%-95%) 88% (86%-92%) Nausea, headache
93% (90%-100%) 94% (91%-100%) Rash, urticaria, nausea, vomiting, hematologic
91%
80% (78%-83%) Diarrhea, nausea, headache
