2
Figure 1. Standard Photographs
Standard photograph 10A, defines the
lower border of moderate new vessels
at the optic disc (NVD). NVD covers
approximately one-third the area of the
standard disc. is extent of NVD alone
would constitute proliferative diabetic
retinopathy (PDR) with high-risk
characteristics.
Standard photograph 2A, the standard for
hemorrhages/microaneurysms. Eyes with
severe nonproliferative diabetic retinopathy
(NPDR) have this degree of severity of
hemorrhages and microaneurysms in all
four midperipheral quadrants.
Standard photograph 8A, the standard
for moderate intraretinal microvascular
abnormalities (IRMA). Patients with severe
NPDR have moderate IRMA of at least this
severity in at least one quadrant.
Standard photograph 6A, less severe of two
standards for venous beading. Two main
branches of the superior temporal vein show
beading that is definite but not severe.
Reprinted with permission from the Early Treatment Diabetic Retinopathy Study Research Group.
Grading diabetic retinopathy from stereoscopic color fundus photographs–an extension of the
modified Airlie House classification: ETDRS report number 10. Ophthalmolog y 1991;98:786-806.
Key Points
