Intervention
• Use noninvasive positive pressure ventilation in selected populations (I)
• Minimize the duration of mechanical ventilation (I)
• Assess readiness to extubate daily (III)
• Manage patients without sedation whenever possible (III)
• Avoid unplanned extubation (III)
• Provide regular oral care with sterile water (III)
• Minimize breaks in the ventilator circuit (III)
• Change the ventilator circuit only if visibly soiled or malfunctioning (III)
• Lateral recumbent positioning (III)
• Reverse Trendelenburg positioning (III)
• Closed/in-line suctioning systems (III)
• Regular oral care with antiseptics (III)
• Histamine 2 receptor antagonists (II)
• Prophylactic broad-spectrum antibiotics (II)
• Daily spontaneous breathing trials (III)
• Daily sedative interruptions (III)
• Prophylactic probiotics or synbiotics (III)
• Endotracheal tubes with subglottic secretion drainage ports (NA)
• Silver-coated endotracheal tubes (NA)
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