10
Introduction
Table 3. Risk Factors for Diagnosed AF
Condition Study type Effect on risk of AF
Risk factors (cont'd)
Height • MA
• Height per 10 cm: risk (HR, 1.28)
• SR/MA
• Increasing height: risk
• MR
• Increasing height: risk (OR per unit, 1.33)
Hypertension
and blood
pressure (BP)
• Single studies
• Elevated BP: risk, population attributable
fraction, 21.6%
• Presence of hypertension treatment: risk
(HR, 1.35–1.68), incidence 9.8%–19.5%;
both AF and systolic blood pressure (SBP)
decreased over time
• MA
• BP: SBP: risk (HR per 20 mm Hg, 1.22);
diastolic blood pressure (DBP) per 10 mm Hg
risk (HR, 0.90); use of BP medications
risk (HR, 1.42)
• SR/MA
• Hypertension: risk
• MR
• SBP risk; DBP mixed results risk;
pulse pressure risk
Resting heart
rate
• SR/MA • Resting heart rate: J-shaped relationship with
incident AF. Lowest risk at 68–80 beats per
minute (bpm); <70 bpm, (RR, 1.09 per 10
bpm ); >70 bpm (RR, per 10 bpm RR
1.06)
• MR
• Heart rate: <65 bpm slower HR risk;
HR per 5 bpm , 0.82
Diabetes
mellitus (DM)
• Single study
• DM: risk, population attributable fraction
3.1%
• DM: risk, population attributable fraction
over time 3.2%–5.9%
• MA
• DM: risk (HR, 1.27 [95% CI, 1.10–1.46])
• SR/MA
• DM: risk (RR, 1.28, excluding large outlying
study)
• Pre-DM: risk (RR, 1.20)
• Blood glucose; risk (RR per 20 mg/dL ),
1.11
(cont'd)
