18
Introduction
Table 3. Risk Factors for Diagnosed AF
Condition Study type Effect on risk of AF
Social determinants of health
Education • Single studies
• Higher education: lifetime risk of AF
(U.S.-based ARIC study)
• Higher education in young individuals: risk
of AF diagnosis (Danish study)
• MR • AF risk related but largely mediated via BMI
(57.5%), type 2 DM (9.8%), SBP (18.7%), and
smoking (7.1%)
Income • Single studies
• Higher income: lifetime risk of AF
(U.S.-based ARIC study)
• Higher income in young individuals:
risk of AF diagnosis (Danish study)
Socioeconomic
status
• Single studies
• Cumulative socioeconomic disadvantage:
risk (HR, 1.57)
• Individual's poorest areas: 12% d risk
• SR/MA • Heterogeneous results
Genetics
Family
history/
heritability
• Single studies
• Family history of AF: risk
• MR • Proportion heritability explained by loci in
European ancestry analysis, 42%
Genome-wide
association
study (GWAS)
• MA
• Number of AF risk loci s with number
of subjects studied. In 2018, 97–111 loci
explained ~11%–42% of the heritability of AF
in individuals of European ancestry
indicates decreased; , increased; no significant change in risk;
Population attributable fraction: the proportional disease incidence in the population
that is estimated to be due to the risk factor.
Statistically significant associations reported, unless otherwise indicated.
(cont'd)
