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Atrial Fibrillation

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16 Introduction Table 3. Risk Factors for Diagnosed AF Condition Study type Effect on risk of AF Biomarkers Natriuretic peptides • MA • Brain naturiuretic peptide (BNP): risk, HR per 1-SD ln-BNP, 1.66 • MR • Natriuretic peptides not associated Inflammatory markers • SR/MA • CRP: risk (standardized mean difference [SMD], 0.95) • IL-6: risk (SMD, 0.89) • TNF-α: risk (SMD, 2.20) • MR • DUSP13, FKBP7, Spondin-1 risk • IL-6R, TNFS12 risk Lp(a) • SR/MA • Lp(a): (HR, 1.03); only 39% of Lp(a) risk mediated via atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) • MR • Genetically predicted Lp(a): risk (HR per 23 mg/dL genetically predicted Lp(a), 1.04) Imaging markers Le atrial size or function • Single studies • Left atrium (LA) anterior-posterior dimension: risk (HR per 5 mm , 1.39) • End diastolic LA volume (min): risk (HR, 1.12) • LA emptying fraction: risk (HR, 1.03) • MR • Genetic susceptibility to AF (independent measure) is associated with indexed LA size and LA ejection fraction (dependent measures) LV wall thickness • Single study • LV posterior wall thickness: risk (HR per 4 mm , 1.28) • SR/MA • LVH: risk (RR, 1.46) (cont'd)

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