12
Introduction
Table 3. Risk Factors for Diagnosed AF
Condition Study type Effect on risk of AF
Cardiovascular disease
HF or
coronary artery
disease (CAD)
• Single study • HF or CAD: population attributable fraction
5.4%
HF • Single studies
• HF: risk but population attributable fraction
d over time 7.8%–1.4%
• Bidirectional relation between AF and HF
• MA
• History of HF: risk HR, 2.02
• MR
• Genetically predicted HF: risk (OR, 1.86)
CAD • Single study • Myocardial infarction (MI): Population
attributable fraction 3.6%
• MA • History of MI: (HR, 1.64)
• MR • Genetically predicted CAD: (OR, 1.18)
Valvular
heart disease
(VHD)
• Single studies
• Significant heart murmur: risk (HR, 2.38)
• Significant heart murmur (any diastolic
and grade ≥3/6 systolic murmur): risk,
population attributable fraction 21.9% d
over time to 3.1%
• MR • Genetically predicted risk of AF in individuals
of European ancestry: associated with
VHD with rheumatic fever, (OR, 1.26) and
nonrheumatic VHD, (OR, 1.27)
Cardiac
surgery
• Single study • Multicenter validated risk prediction model:
risk AF after coronary artery bypass graft
surgery (CABG)
• SR/MA • Postop AF incidence: 23.7%–25.5% of cardiac
surgery patients
(cont'd)
