14
Introduction
Table 3. Risk Factors for Diagnosed AF
Condition Study type Effect on risk of AF
Other conditions
Chronic
kidney disease
(CKD)
• SR/MA
• CKD: risk (HR, 1.47)
• MR • Bidirectional relation between CKD and AF
• AF causal for CKD; CKD not causal for AF
Obstructive
sleep apnea
• SR/MA
• Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA): risk (OR,
1.71), with potential dose response relation by
severity
• MR
• Genetically predicted OSA: risk (OR, 1.21)
yroid
disease
• SR/MA
• Clinical hyperthyroidism: risk (RR, 2.35)
• MR
• Hyperthyroidism: risk (OR, 1.31)
Sepsis • Single study
• Severe sepsis: risk (OR, 6.82); Medicare
population
• SR/MA
• Sepsis severity: risk
Electrocardiogram (ECG) markers
PR interval • SR/MA
• Prolonged PR: risk (RR, 1.45)
• MR • Polygenic risk score PR interval prolongation:
AF risk, (OR, 0.95; P=4.30×10
−8
) with
some variants associated with and some with
AF risk
Le ventricular
(LV)
hypertrophy
• Single study • ECG left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH):
Population attributable fraction 10.4% d
over time to 1.8%
• SR/MA
• LVH: risk (RR, 1.46)
(cont'd)
