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Atrial Fibrillation 2023 Update

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10 Introduction Table 3. Risk Factors for Diagnosed AF Condition Study type Effect on risk of AF Risk factors (cont'd) Height • MA • Height per 10 cm: risk (HR, 1.28) • SR/MA • Increasing height: risk • MR • Increasing height: risk (OR per unit, 1.33) Hypertension and blood pressure (BP) • Single studies • Elevated BP: risk, population attributable fraction, 21.6% • Presence of hypertension treatment: risk (HR, 1.35–1.68), incidence 9.8%–19.5%; both AF and systolic blood pressure (SBP) decreased over time • MA • BP: SBP: risk (HR per 20 mm Hg, 1.22); diastolic blood pressure (DBP) per 10 mm Hg risk (HR, 0.90); use of BP medications risk (HR, 1.42) • SR/MA • Hypertension: risk • MR • SBP risk; DBP mixed results risk; pulse pressure risk Resting heart rate • SR/MA • Resting heart rate: J-shaped relationship with incident AF. Lowest risk at 68–80 beats per minute (bpm); <70 bpm, (RR, 1.09 per 10 bpm ); >70 bpm (RR, per 10 bpm RR 1.06) • MR • Heart rate: <65 bpm slower HR risk; HR per 5 bpm , 0.82 Diabetes mellitus (DM) • Single study • DM: risk, population attributable fraction 3.1% • DM: risk, population attributable fraction over time 3.2%–5.9% • MA • DM: risk (HR, 1.27 [95% CI, 1.10–1.46]) • SR/MA • DM: risk (RR, 1.28, excluding large outlying study) • Pre-DM: risk (RR, 1.20) • Blood glucose; risk (RR per 20 mg/dL ), 1.11 (cont'd)

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