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Atrial Fibrillation 2023 Update

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18 Introduction Table 3. Risk Factors for Diagnosed AF Condition Study type Effect on risk of AF Social determinants of health Education • Single studies • Higher education: lifetime risk of AF (U.S.-based ARIC study) • Higher education in young individuals: risk of AF diagnosis (Danish study) • MR • AF risk related but largely mediated via BMI (57.5%), type 2 DM (9.8%), SBP (18.7%), and smoking (7.1%) Income • Single studies • Higher income: lifetime risk of AF (U.S.-based ARIC study) • Higher income in young individuals: risk of AF diagnosis (Danish study) Socioeconomic status • Single studies • Cumulative socioeconomic disadvantage: risk (HR, 1.57) • Individual's poorest areas: 12% d risk • SR/MA • Heterogeneous results Genetics Family history/ heritability • Single studies • Family history of AF: risk • MR • Proportion heritability explained by loci in European ancestry analysis, 42% Genome-wide association study (GWAS) • MA • Number of AF risk loci s with number of subjects studied. In 2018, 97–111 loci explained ~11%–42% of the heritability of AF in individuals of European ancestry indicates decreased; , increased; no significant change in risk; Population attributable fraction: the proportional disease incidence in the population that is estimated to be due to the risk factor. Statistically significant associations reported, unless otherwise indicated. (cont'd)

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