Perinatal Death
Î Neonates born to WWE probably do not have a substantially increased
risk of perinatal death (Level B).
Table 2. APGAR Score
Sign 0 Points 1 Point 2 Points
Activity
(Muscle Tone)
Absent Arms and legs flexed Active Movement
Pulse
Absent < 100 bpm > 100 bpm
Grimace
(Reflex Irritability)
No Response Grimace Sneeze, cough, pulls
away
Aura
(Skin Color)
Blue-gray, pale all
over
Pink, except for
extremities
Pink over entire
body
Respiration
Absent slow, irregular Regular, crying
Table 3. Potential Problem in WWE
Potential Problem in WWE Agent(s)
Magnitude
of Effect
Level of
Evidence
Maternal premature contractions and
premature labor
WWE + tobacco
hh
C
AEDs
h < 1.5
B
cesarean delivery AEDs
h 1.5 - 2x
B-C
late pregnancy bleeding AEDs
h < 2x
B
preeclampsia, pregnancy-related
hypertension, spontaneous
abortion, a change in seizure
frequency, or status epilepticus
AEDs ? U
seizures during pregnancy Seizure-free for 9 mos
before conception
iii
B
Neonatal hemorrhagic complications AEDs ? U
small for gestational age (SGA) AEDs
h
B
1-minute Apgar < 7 AEDs
h
C
reduced cognition AEDs ? U
CBZ no change B
VPA
h
B
PB, PHT
h
C
Strength of Recommendation
A strong evidence C weak evidence
B moderate evidence U insufficient evidence
