13
Table 5. Components of Healthy Cardiovascular Dietary
Patterns
Rich In Moderate In Low In
• Vegetables
• Fruits
• Whole grains
• Nuts
• Legumes
• Unsaturated oils
• Low-fat dairy
• Poultry
• Fish
• Alcohol • Red and processed meat
• High-fat dairy
• Sugar-sweetened foods
• Sugar-sweetened drinks
• Sodium
Table 6. Nutrient Action
Nutrient Action LDL-C HDL-C TGL
Replacing saturated fats by
poly- or mono- unsaturated
fatty acids
Lower Higher
Replacing saturated fats by
polyunsaturated fatty acids
Lower
Replacing saturated fats by
carbohydrates
Lower Higher Higher
Replacing trans fat by
mono or polyunsaturated
fatty acids
Lower Higher Lower
Replacing carbohydrates by
mono or polyunsaturated
fatty acids
Lower Higher Lower
Adding polyunsaturated
fatty acids
Lower Lower
Adding monounsaturated
fatty acids
Higher
