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Intervention/management
Strength of
recommendation
Certainty of
evidence
Use diagnostic skin biopsy with cultures as guidance
for treatment
Strong Very low
PCR/immunohistochemistry for attenuated vaccine
strain rubella virus
Strong Moderate
Topical corticosteroids for noninfectious rash Strong Moderate
TNF-α inhibitors to treat progressive or refractory
disease
Conditional Very low
Imaging for extracutaneous granulomatous disease Strong Very low
Biologic/targeted molecular therapy for refractory
disease
Strong Moderate
Adjunct measures to reduce colonization with S.
aureus
Conditional Moderate
Topical cytotoxic therapies (e.g., cryoablation,
salicylic acid or 5-flurouracil) and topical
immunostimulants (e.g., imiquimod)
Conditional Very low
Mavorixafor (for WHIM) Strong Moderate
Intervention/management
Strength of
recommendation
Certainty of
evidence
Vitamin D replacement, if needed, adequate
calcium dietary intake and/or supplementation,
bisphosphonate therapy
Conditional Moderate
Consultation with dentist for extraction of retained
incisors and molars
Strong Moderate
Standard treatment of SLE Conditional Moderate
Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs),
corticosteroids, methotrexate, cyclophosphamide,
azathioprine, rituximab
Strong Low
High-dose intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) Conditional Low
NSAIDs, corticosteroids, and steroid-sparing
agents such as methotrexate, sulfasalazine,
cyclosporine, or biological agents
Strong Moderate
Physical therapy and exercise therapy Strong Moderate
