10
General Principles
Table 7. ACHD Program Components
ACHD board-eligible/-certified cardiologists
Congenital cardiac surgeons
Advanced practice providers
Registered nurses
Advanced imagers: echocardiography/CT/CMR*
Cardiac intensivist*
Advanced heart failure and transplant cardiologist*
Cardiac catheterization interventionalist*
Electrophysiologist*
Cardiac anesthesiologist*
Multidisciplinary specialists
• Maternal fetal medicine
• Hepatolog y
• Pulmonary hypertension
• Cardiovascular genetics
• Palliative medicine
• Social work
• Psycholog y
Modified with permission from Stout et al. Copyright © 2018 American Heart Association, Inc.
and American College of Cardiolog y Foundation.
* Personnel and service lines supervised, performed, and interpreted by clinicians with
expertise and/or training in congenital heart disease.
ACHD indicates adult congenital heart disease; CMR, cardiovascular magnetic resonance;
and CT, computed tomography.
3.1.2. The ACHD Program and Cardiologists
COR LOE
Recommendations
1 B-NR
1. Patients in ACHD AP classes IB–D, IIA–D, and IIIA–D
should be evaluated and managed by or in collaboration with
an ACHD cardiologist and, when indicated and accessible,
an ACHD program to improve outcomes.
1 B-NR
2. Patients in ACHD AP class IA should have at least 1
evaluation by an ACHD cardiologist to develop a plan of care.
