31
5.1. Lifestyle and Psychosocial Approaches
COR LOE
Recommendations
Stress reduction
2b B-R
8. In adults with or without hypertension, stress reduction
through transcendental meditation may be reasonable to
prevent or treat elevated BP and hypertension, as an adjunct
to lifestyle or medication interventions.
2b B-R
9. In adults with or without hypertension, other forms of
stress management, such as breathing control techniques
or yoga, may be reasonable to prevent or treat elevated BP
and hypertension, as an adjunct to lifestyle or medication
interventions.
* Dietary sodium reduction may be contraindicated in patients with severe, symptomatic
orthostatic hypotension.
†
is recommendation refers to potassium-based salt substitutes, which typically contain 25%
to 30% potassium chloride, 65% to 75% sodium chloride, and 0% to 10% flavoring agents.
Products that refer to themselves as "salt substitutes" that do not contain potassium chloride
as a substitute for sodium chloride have unknown effects on BP.
‡
Drugs that reduce potassium excretion include: potassium-sparing diuretics (eg, amiloride,
triamterene), mineralocorticoid receptor antagonists (eg, spironolactone, eplerenone,
finerenone), angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors (eg, captopril, enalapril, lisinopril,
benazepril, and others), angiotensin receptor blockers (eg, losartan, valsartan, candesartan,
telmisartan, and others), and some immunosuppressive agents (eg, cyclosporine, tacrolimus).
§
Moderate potassium supplementation is <80 mmol/day (<80 mEq/day).
||
One standard drink (12 to 14 g alcohol) is equivalent to 12 oz of beer (5% alcohol by
volume), 5 oz of wine (12% alcohol by volume), or 1.5 oz of distilled spirits (40% alcohol
by volume).
(cont'd)
