24
Evaluation and Diagnosis
Table 10. Causes of Secondary Hypertension With Indications
for Additional Testing and Diagnostic Screening Tests
(cont'd)
Prevalence Indications for Additional Testing
Uncommon causes (cont'd)
Congenital adrenal
hyperplasia
Rare Hypertension and hypokalemia; virilization
(11-beta-hydroxylase deficiency [11-beta-
OH]); incomplete masculinization in men
and primary amenorrhea in women (17-alpha-
hydroxylase deficiency [17-alpha-OH])
Mineralocorticoid
excess syndromes
other than primary
aldosteronism
Rare Early-onset hypertension; resistant
hypertension; hypokalemia or hyperkalemia
Acromegaly Rare Acral features, enlarging shoe, glove, or hat size;
headache, visual disturbances; diabetes
ACEi indicates angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors; ARB, angiotensin receptor blockers;
AF, atrial fibrillation; CKD, chronic kidney disease; CT, computed tomography; DOC,
11-deoxycorticosterone; h, hour; IGF-1, insulin-like growth factor-1; IV, intravenous; MAO,
monoamine oxidase; mg, milligrams; MRI, magnetic resonance imaging ; NSAIDs, nonsteroidal
anti-inflammatory drugs; OH, hydroxylase; OSA, obstructive sleep apnea; RCT, randomized
clinical trial; VEGF, vascular endothelial growth factor; wk, week; and y, years.
Modified with permission from Whelton et al. Copyright © 2018 American College of
Cardiolog y Foundation and American Heart Association, Inc.
