12
Recommendations
Table 4. Type and Timing of Feedback by Hand Hygiene
Measurement Method
Measurement
Method
Type of
Feedback Timing of Feedback
Direct overt
observations
Individualized Immediate
Direct covert
observations
Individualized End of observation period
Aggregate Regular reports of adherence (e.g., weekly)
AHHMSs Individualized Immediate (i.e., real-time reminders)
Aggregate Continuously updated realtime reports
Regular reports of adherence (e.g., weekly)
Remote video
observations
Individualized End of shi
Aggregate Regular reports of adherence (e.g., weekly)
Patient as observer Individualized Regular reports of adherence (e.g., weekly)
Aggregate Regular reports of adherence (e.g., weekly)
Indirect methods Aggregate Regular reports of usage or events (e.g.,
monthly, quarterly)
