22
Diagnosis
Contributors to
Health Disparities
Chronic
Stress
Lower Quality
Education and
Poor Health
Literacy
Lower Income and
Less Access to
Quality Housing
Limited
Access to
Quality Food
and Exercise
Geography
(eg, rural location with less
access to health care)
Race and Ethnicity
(especially Black, Hispanic,
American Indian individuals)
Structural Racism
and Implicit Bias
Social Determinants
of Health*
Figure 3. Health Disparities and PAD-Related Risk Amplifiers
Increase Risk of MACE and MALE
*Social Determinants of Health
