10
Table 2. Changes from Baseline Lipoprotein Lipid Levels by
Diet in Omniheart
Diet (% energy from carbohydrate/protein/fat)
Habitual Baseline
Diet (Various)
Carbohydrate
Diet (58/15/27)
Protein Diet
(48/25/27)
Unsaturated Fat
Diet (48/15/37)
Mean, mg/dL Mean or Median Change from Baseline, mg/dL
LDL-C
129
-11.6
a
-14.2
b
-13.1
a,b
Non-
HDL-C
154
-11.0
a
-17.3
b
-15.1
b
HDL-C
50
-1.4
a
-2.6
b
-0.3
c
Triglycerides
102
0.1
a
-16.4
b
-9.3
c
Different superscript letters denote statistically significant differences in response, p < 0.05
Source: Adapted from Appel LJ, et al. JAMA. 2005;294:2455-2464.
Table 3. Predicted Effects of Macronutrient Replacement
of Dietary Saturated Fatty Acids with PUFA, MUFA,
and Carbohydrate on Lipoprotein Lipids Based on
Results from Controlled Feeding Trials
a
Predicted Effects
a
on Lipoprotein Lipids of Replacing 5%
of Energy from Saturated Fatty Acids with 5% of Energy
from the Specified Dietary Component, in mg/dL
Dietary
Component LDL-C TG HDL-C
PUFA
︎↓ 9.0 ↓ 2.0 ↓
1.0
MUFA
↓ 6.5 ↑ 1.0 ↓ 6.0
Carbohydrate
↓ 6.0 ↑ 9.5 ↓
2.0
a
Results are summarized from controlled feeding trials of subjects with average to mildly
dyslipidemic baseline levels of lipoprotein lipids. Effects may be more pronounced in those with
higher baseline values.
Source: Adapted from Eckel RH, et al. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2014;63 (25 Pt B):2960-84.
Lifestyle
Chart 2. Exercise/Physical Activity Recommendations
Recommendations
Strength Quality
e recommended minimal quantity of exercise for supporting
cardiovascular health and improving the lipid profile (lowering
TG and sometimes raising HDL-C) is 150 min per week of
moderate to higher intensity aerobic activity. is level of physical
activity is consistent with public health recommendations.
A High
To enhance the effects on TG and HDL-C, and produce
reductions in LDL-C, as well as loss of body fat and weight,
≥2000 kcal per week of energ y expenditure (generally 200 to
300 min per week) of moderate or higher intensity physical
activity is recommended.
B Moderate
Resistance exercise is also recommended to play a supportive
role in maintaining strength, balance, and bone density.
B Moderate
