24
Treatment
Table 6. Cause of TAA
HTAD (see Table 7): syndromic
• Marfan syndrome
• Loeys-Dietz syndrome
• Vascular Ehlers-Danlos syndrome
• Smooth muscle dysfunction syndrome
• Others: attributable to pathogenic variants in FLNA, BGN, LOX
HTAD (see Table 7): nonsyndromic
• ACTA2, MYH11, PRKG1, MYLK, and others
• Familial thoracic aortic aneurysm without identified pathogenic variants in a known
gene for HTAD
Congenital conditions
• Bicuspid aortic valve
• Turner syndrome
• Coarctation of the aorta
• Complex congenital heart defects (tetralog y of Fallot, transposition of the great
vessels, truncus arteriosus)
Hypertension
Atherosclerosis
Degenerative
Previous aortic dissection
Inflammatory aortitis
• Giant cell arteritis
• Takayasu arteritis
• Behçet disease
• Immunoglobulin G4-related disease, antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody-related,
sarcoidosis
Infectious aortitis
• Bacterial, fungal, syphilitic
Previous traumatic aortic injury
