Table 1. Osteoporotic Fracture Risk Factors
Cancer
Treatments Genetic Lifestyle Other
Oophorectomy
b
Family or personal
history of fragility
fracture
a
Current cigarette
smoking
a
Gonadotrophin-
releasing hormone
(GnRH) agonist
b
Race
a
Excessive alcohol
consumption
a
Hypoestrogenic
b
(e.g.,, chemotherapy-
induced ovarian
failure or aromatase
inhibitors) or
Hypoandrogenic
States
b
(e.g., anti-
androgens )
Gender
a
Sedentary lifestyle Post-menopausal status
Hypogonadism
b
Low body weight
a
Chronic
glucocorticoids
a
Early menopause
b
Impaired mobility
Increased risk of
falls
Risk of falls
Advanced age
a
Denotes a primary risk factor for FRAX.
b
Denotes a secondary risk factor for FRAX.
Table 2. Bone Loss Associated with Various Cancer Therapies
Bone Loss Associate with Normal Aging Lumber Apine BMD Loss at 1 Year
Men 0.5%
Late Menopause Women 1.0%
Early Menopause Women 2.0%
Cancer Treatment-Induced Bone Loss
AI therapy 2.6%
Bone Marrow Transplant 3.3%
ADT 4.6%
AI therapy plus GnRH therapy 7.0%
Ovarian failure secondary to chemotherapy 7.7%
