13
High flow oxygen at home, esp. if severely
hypoxemic and goal concordant
Non-invasive ventilation at home, esp. if
hypercapneic and goal concordant
Palliative sedation if refractory dyspnea
despite all measures
Advanced Measures
Patients in the last days of life oen have severe dyspnea requiring hospitalization.
A palliative care consultation is essential. Delirium and drowsiness may complicate
symptom assessment and goals-of-care discussions. e short life expectancy
increases the urgency to alleviate dyspnea and may limit the role of other therapies,
such as cancer treatments, self-management strategies, and physical therapy (light
orange). Palliative sedation is a potential option for highly selected patients with
refractory dyspnea.
