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High flow oxygen at home, esp. if severely
hypoxemic and goal concordant
Non-invasive ventilation at home, esp. if
hypercapneic and goal concordant
Advanced Measures
In the hospital setting, patients may report acute dyspnea which requires more urgent
attention. Instead of a stepwise trial, clinicians may consider a concurrent approach to treat
any reversible causes while providing palliation. Under close monitoring, patients could try
different interventions and identify the most effective strategies. Medications may be given
parenterally for rapid treatment of dyspnea. Supplemental oxygen, including high flow
nasal cannula and non-invasive ventilation, may be necessary for patients with hypoxemic or
hypercapnic respiratory failure.
