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Table 11. Potential Barriers to Effective HF Self-Care and
Example Interventions
Potential
Barrier Example Screening Tools
Example Interventions
Intimate partner
violence or elder
abuse
• Humiliation, Afraid,
Rape, Kick (HARK)
questionnaire
• Partner Violence Screen
(PVS)
• Woman Abuse Screening
Tool (WAST)
• Referral to social work services
and community support partners
Limited English
proficiency or
other language
barriers
• Routinely inquire in
which language the patient
is most comfortable
conversing
• Access to interpreter services
covering a wide range of
languages, ideally in person or,
alternatively, via video platform
• Printed educational materials in a
range of appropriate languages
Low health
literacy
• Short Assessment of
Health Literacy (SAHL)
• Rapid Estimate of Adult
Literacy in Medicine–
Short Form (REALM-SF)
• Brief Health Literacy
Screen (BHLS), 3 items
• Agency for Healthcare Research
and Quality (AHRQ) Health
Literacy Universal Precautions
Toolkit
• Written education tools provided
at sixth grade reading level or
below
• Graphic educational documents
Social isolation
or low social
support
• Patient-Reported
Outcomes Measurement
Information System
(PROMIS) Social
Isolation Short Form
• Determine eligibility for home
care services
• Support group referral
Transport
limitations
• No validated tools
currently available
• Referral to social work services
• Determine eligibility for
insurance or state-based
transportation, or reduced-cost
public transportation
• Maximize opportunities for
telehealth visits and remote
monitoring
(cont'd)
