Assessment
3
Table 1. Lipids and Lipoproteins in Select Endocrine Disorders
Disease LDL-C HDL-C TG Lp(a)
T2D No change
or ↑
Normal or ↓
↑
--------
Type 1 diabetes No change
or ↑
Normal or ↓
↑
--------
Obesity No change
or ↑
↓ ↑
-------
Hypothyroidism No change
or ↑
Normal or ↑ Normal or ↑ Normal or ↑
Subclinical
hypothyroidism
No change
or ↑
Normal or ↓ Normal Normal
Hyperthyroidism
↓
Normal or ↓ Normal or ↑
↓
Cushing syndrome/
disease
No change
or ↑
Normal or ↓
↑
Normal or ↑
Chronic
glucocorticoid therapy
No change
or ↑
Normal or ↑ Normal or ↑ --------
Adult growth
hormone deficiency
(GHD)
↑
Normal or ↓ Normal or ↑ Normal
Acromegaly No change
or ↑
Normal or ↓
↑ ↑
Polycystic ovary
syndrome (PCOS)
No change
or ↑
↓ ↑ ↑
Menopause vs pre-
menopause
↑
Normal or ↓ Normal Normal or ↑
Oral HRT for
menopause
↓ ↑ ↑ ↓
Male Hypogonadism
↑
Normal or ↓
↑
Normal or ↑
Testosterone
replacement for male
hypogonadism
No change
or ↓
Normal or ↓ Normal or ↓
↓
Anabolic steroid abuse
↑ ↓
Normal or ↑ ↓
Gender affirming hormone therapy:
Transmen
↑ ↓ ↑
---------
Transwomen ----------- -----------
↑
---------
↓decreased, ↑increased; Normal indicates within the normal range; --------- = Data insufficient.
e normal range for HDL-C is ≥40 mg/dL (1.0 mmol/L) in men, and ≥50 mg/dL (1.3 mmol/L)
in women. e normal range for TG is 0–150 mg/dL (0-1.7 mmol/L). Lp(a) ≥50 mg/dL (125
mmol/L) is considered a CVD risk enhancing factor.
Note: Evidence is limited on the effects of transgender hormone therapy on lipids.
