7
Risks
1. Side effect profile
a. GI (nausea, vomiting, constipation)
b. Respiratory depression
i. Increased risk in combination with other sedating medications or alcohol
consumption
2. Addiction
3. Misuse
4. Diversion
5. Rapid metabolizers
6. OUD
7. Physical addiction
8. Slow metabolizer
1. Overdose risk
a. Narrow therapeutic window (<3–4g/day)
b. Liver failure, potentially fatal
c. Overdose risk is increased by the often unnoticed inclusion of acetaminophen into
other pain medications
1. Side effect profile
a. GI (gastritis, ulcers, bleeding )
b. Nephrotoxicity
2. Surgical site bleeding risk
(except celecoxib)
1. Side effect profile
a. Sedation
b. Not FDA approved for acute surgical pain