17
TOP 10 TAKEAWAY MESSAGES:
Obesity and Nutrition
1. Health outcomes are most improved with nutrition therapy
when the dietary interventions are evidence-based, quantitative,
qualitative, and facilitate patient engagement and adherence.
2. Food composition, physiological, and psychological factors all
influence the feelings of hunger, appetite, cravings, satiation,
and satiety.
3. Low calorie dietary patterns are ~1000–1200 kcal/day for women
and 1200–1600 kcal/day for men. Very low-calorie dietary pattern
is generally <800 kcal/day and should be medically supervised.
4. Dietary protein is used for structural purposes in the body with a
dietary reference intake (DRI) of 0.8–2.0 gram/kg/day depending
on age, gender, physical activity, and overall health.
5. Fat restricted dietary patterns are often defined as <30% of total
calories from fat per day.
6. Carbohydrate restricted dietary patterns diet is generally
defined as <26% of total calories from carbohydrates per day; a
very low-carbohydrate ketogenic diet is generally <50 grams of
carbohydrates per day.
7. A caloric deficit improves cardiovascular disease risk more than
isocaloric substitution of any carbohydrates or fats.
8. A variety of dietary patterns may be used for nutrition
therapy, including Mediterranean, Dietary Approaches to Stop
Hypertension (DASH), vegetarian, ketogenic, and others.
9. The recommended dietary fiber intake for adults is at least 25–30
grams per day for any dietary pattern.
10. Fasting (alternative day, intermittent, or time-restricted eating)
may contribute to overall caloric restriction and weight reduction.
